Student activists Sophie Scholl, Hans Scholl, and Christoph Probst were executed for urging students to rise up and overthrow the Nazi government.
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Queen Lili`uokalani of the independent kingdom of Hawai`i was overthrown as she was arrested at gunpoint by U.S. Marines.
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Daniel Ellsberg and Anthony J. “Tony” Russo Jr. were indicted for releasing the Pentagon Papers, detailing the secret history of U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
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Africans and Native Americans formed Florida’s Seminole Nation and defeated a heavily armed U.S. invading army during the Second Seminole War.
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In 1969, a brief war broke out between Honduras and El Salvador.
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Ben Linder, a volunteer U.S. engineer in Nicaragua, was killed by the U.S.-funded Contras.
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During the Spanish Civil War, the Nazis tested their new air force on the Basque town of Guernica in northern Spain.
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500,000 people demonstrated against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C.
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Football star and soldier Pat Tillman was killed in Afghanistan. The U.S. government used his death in pro-war propaganda.
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Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his speech in opposition to the Vietnam War, calling for a “revolution of values.”
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Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin was the only member of Congress to vote against declaring war on Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Executive Order 9066 issued by President Roosevelt authorized the incarceration (internment) of U.S. citizens of Japanese descent.
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Jews in the Warsaw ghetto organized armed self-defense units to oppose deportations to forced-labor camps and to the Treblinka extermination camp.
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A general strike was called in Amsterdam to protest Nazi persecution of Jews under the German Nazi occupation.
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When the United States refused to recognize Philippine independence, Philippine Republic president Emilio Aguinaldo declared war.
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Samuel Younge Jr., Navy vet, Tuskegee student, activist was killed in Alabama for using a “whites-only” bathroom. SNCC issued a powerful statement about his murder and in opposition to the Vietnam War.
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Aleut women from the Pribilof Islands Program wrote a petition about the dangerous internment camp conditions during World War II.
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Hundreds of Pequot villagers were massacred by the Puritans in Mystic, Connecticut.
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Kansas reservist Dr. Yolanda Huet-Vaughn refused orders to serve in the first Gulf War (Desert Storm).
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Crispus Attucks was the first person shot to death by the British during the Boston Massacre.
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More than 1,300 Norwegian teachers were arrested by the German Nazi-installed government.
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Rachel Corrie was crushed to death by an Israeli military bulldozer while undertaking nonviolent direct action to protect the home of a Palestinian family from demolition.
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Hugh Thompson tried to defend Vietnamese villagers during Mỹ Lai Massacre.
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It’s worth pausing to note how profoundly corporate textbooks mis-educate our students on the years of warfare in Iraq.
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The last U.S. combat troops left South Vietnam, ending direct U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War.
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