Page 6 – Zinn Education Project

July 18, 1946: Murder of Maceo Snipes

WWII veteran Maceo Snipes was murdered after casting his vote in the Georgia Democratic Primary.

July 18, 1863: Sgt. William Carney Earns Medal of Honor on Civil War Battlefield

On this day, a volunteer infantryman performed an act of courage that was the earliest event to earn an African American soldier the Medal of Honor.

July 17, 1944: Port Chicago Disaster and Mutiny

A deadly munitions explosion occurred at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine in Port Chicago, California. When the surviving African Americans sailors demanded safer conditions before returning to work, they faced court martial and jail.

July 16, 1944: Irene Morgan Refuses to Change Seats on Bus

Irene Morgan refused to change her seat on a segregated bus in Virginia.

Elizabeth Jennings Graham | Zinn Education Project

July 16, 1854: Elizabeth Jennings Graham

Schoolteacher Elizabeth Jennings Graham successfully challenged racist streetcar policies in New York City.

July 15, 1978: The Longest Walk

The Longest Walk, a transcontinental trek for Native American justice, ended.

July 15, 1964: Ozell Sutton Denied Service at Arkansas Capitol Cafeteria

WWII vet Ozell Sutton was denied service at the Arkansas Capitol cafeteria after visiting the building to collect voter registration materials.

July 14, 1970: Young Lords Occupy Lincoln Hospital

The Young Lords occupied Lincoln Hospital’s major administrative building in response to deplorable treatment of people of color.

July 14, 1969: Soccer War

In 1969, a brief war broke out between Honduras and El Salvador.

July 13, 1863: New York City Draft Riots and Massacre

The NYC Draft Massacre ("Riots") were the largest civil insurrection in U.S. history besides the Civil War itself. White mobs attacked the African American community — committing murder and burning homes and institutions (including an orphanage.)

July 12, 1964: Henry Dee and Charles Moore Case

The bodies of Charles Eddie Moore and Henry Hezekiah Dee, were found in the Mississippi River. They had been tortured and murdered by the Klan two months earlier.

July 12, 1917: The Bisbee Deportation

The Bisbee Deportation was the illegal deportation of more than 1,000 striking mine workers (IWW-led strike), their supporters, and citizen bystanders by 2,000 vigilantes.

July 11, 1964: Lemuel Penn Killed

Athens-area Ku Klux Klan members shot and killed WWII veteran and DCPS assistant superintendent Lemuel Penn.

Cicero Riot - Burning | The Zinn Education Project

July 11, 1951: Cicero Riot Over Housing Desegregation

Thousands of white people rioted after a young Black couple moved into an apartment in Cicero, Illinois, west of Chicago. They firebombed the building, overturned police cars, and threw stones at firefighters who tried to put out the fire.

July 11, 1905: The Niagara Movement

The Niagara Movement was formed.

July 11, 1892: Coeur d’Alene Idaho Miners Strike

Miners in Coeur d'Alene held a strike and took on the Pinkertons.

July 10, 1985: Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior

Greenpeace's Rainbow Warrior was bombed by two French agents and Dutch photographer Fernando Pereira was killed.

Shirley Chisholm '72 | Zinn Education Project

July 10, 1972: Shirley Chisholm at Democratic National Convention

Shirley Chisholm was an historic candidate at the 1972 Democratic National Convention.

Daniel Hoskins with guns | Zinn Education Project

July 10, 1919: Beating of Samuel L. Jones and the Longview Riot

The Longview Riot is one example of white mob violence during the period known as "Red Summer." Photo: Daniel Hoskins at gun repository required by U.S. Marshall. Undermined African Americans' ability to engage in self-defense.