A decade before the March on Washington, a group of Black women known as the Sojourners for Truth and Justice gathered in Washington D.C. to advocate for their rights.
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Sarah Keys refused to give up her seat on a state-to-state charter bus, prompting the landmark court case, Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company.
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Lamar Smith, 63-year-old farmer and WWI veteran, was shot dead in Brookhaven, Mississippi, for urging African Americans to vote.
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Paul Robeson lost his court appeal to have the U.S. State Department grant him a passport.
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Clara Luper and the NAACP Youth Council began sit-ins to desegregate lunch counters.
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White supremacists violently attacked a Jacksonville youth-led lunch counter sit-in.
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Book — Non-fiction. By Katie McCabe and Jabari Asim. 2020. 208 pages.
A young readers' adaptation of Mighty Justice: My Life in Civil Rights, the memoir of activist lawyer Dovey Johnson Roundtree.
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The local chapter of the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers went on strike to protest their segregated housing and unfair wages and living conditions.
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The White Citizens Council and Ku Klux Klan launched full-scale rioting in Clinton, Tennessee in response to school desegregation.
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Governor Orval Faubus closed all Little Rock, Arkansas public schools for one year rather than allow integration.
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Benefit concert for the Civil Rights Congress with Paul Robeson was held in Peekskill, New York.
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Book — Non-fiction. By Jeanne Theoharis and Brandy Colbert. 2021.
This biography of Rosa Parks accessibly examines her six decades of activism, challenging young readers’ perceptions of her as an accidental actor in the Civil Rights Movement.
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Book — Non-fiction. By Jo Ann Allen Boyce and Debbie Levy. 2019. 320 pages.
Told from the perspective of Jo Ann Allen, this book tells the story of twelve Black students who integrated Clinton High School in Tennessee in 1956.
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Teaching Activity. By Doug Sherman. Rethinking Schools. 4 pages.
The author describes how he uses biographies and film to introduce students to the role of people involved in the Civil Rights Movement beyond the familiar heroes. He emphasizes the role and experiences of young people in the Movement.
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Mrs. White of the Indiana Textbook Commission called for a ban of Robin Hood in all school books for promoting communism.
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SCOTUS ruled 9-0 that redrawing city boundaries in Tuskegee, Alabama to exclude African-American voters violates the 15th Amendment.
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The “Hollywood 10” directors, producers, and writers who refused to testify at HUAC were held in contempt of Congress.
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Rosa Parks attended a mass meeting about Emmett Till days before her refusal to give up her seat on the bus.
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The NAACP sent to the U.N. a document titled “An Appeal to the World,” to redress human rights violations the United States committed against its African-American citizens.
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Film. Directed by Alexandra Isles. 2000. 60 minutes.
Documentary about the impact of the McCarthy era on African Americans in the film industry.
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Article. By Alison Kysia. 2013.
History of a little-known student resistance movement against McCarthyism and censorship.
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Teaching Activity. By Bill Bigelow.
In this mixer lesson, students learn about Rosa Parks' many decades of activism by taking on roles from various times in her life. In this way, students learn about her radicalism before, during, and long after the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
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Jesse Hagopian led a conversation with Garrett Felber, Safear Ness, and Stevie Wilson about the prison industrial complex, incarceration, and the history of resistance against that system.
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Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
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Black sharecroppers were evicted by white landowners simply for exercising their right to register to vote.
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