White civilians and police killed 46 African Americans and injured many more while burning houses, schools, and churches in Memphis, Tennessee.
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“The primary cause of the Houston riot was the habitual brutality of the white police officers of Houston in their treatment of colored people.” —The Crisis magazine.
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A riot ensued after Louis Ruffin, an Army veteran, pulled out his gun to defend his family during an altercation between his father and two police officers.
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A battle between Black soldiers and the local white law enforcement who targeted them in Bisbee, Arizona during Red Summer.
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The U.S. government attacked an encampment of Black and white WWI veterans with tanks, bayonets, and tear gas.
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The Chicago Police Department shot and killed ten unarmed demonstrators in Chicago on Memorial Day.
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Following years of organizing against police brutality, four marches from different points in the city of Washington, D.C. converged at 10th and U Streets NW.
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White U.S. servicemen and police entered a majority-Mexican American neighborhood in East Los Angeles and attacked and detained hundreds of young people in the “zoot suit riots.”
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Timothy Hood, a veteran of the U.S. Marines, was killed for removing a Jim Crow sign.
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Luther Jackson was murdered by Philadelphia, Mississippi policeman Lawrence Rainey.
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Jimmie Lee Jackson was beaten and shot by an Alabama state trooper during a peaceful voting rights march on Feb. 18. He died eight days later.
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U.S. District Judge issued an injunction ordering police in Grenada, Mississippi to stop interfering with lawful protest. This ruling followed weeks of arrests and beating of demonstrators who had been attempting to desegregate businesses in the town.
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People’s Tribunal on killing of three young men at Algiers Motel in Detroit.
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Two years before the Kent State murders, 28 students were injured and three were killed in Orangeburg, South Carolina — most shot in the back by the state police while involved in a peaceful protest.
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Little Bobby Hutton (age 17) of the Black Panther Party was shot dead by the Oakland police.
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Students for a Democratic Society, Student Afro-American Society and others began a nonviolent occupation of campus buildings at Columbia University.
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Henry Dumas, a critically acclaimed author, was fatally shot by the New York Transit police.
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Black Panther Party members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark were assassinated by police and FBI agents in Chicago, Illinois.
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College student Phillip Lafayette Gibbs (21) and high school student James Earl Green (17) were killed by the police during an anti-war protest at Jackson State College.
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Twelve-year-old Santos Rodriguez and his 13-year-old brother David were pulled from their home in Dallas, Texas, handcuffed, and put inside a police car. Santos was killed when one of the officers played Russian roulette to try to force the boys to confess to a crime.
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Virtually every shop and factory in Chinatown was closed, with signs posted windows and on doors reading “Closed to Protest Police Brutality” to protest the beating of Peter Yew.
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The New York Police Department falsely accused four African American teenagers and one Latino teenager who became known as the “Central Park Five.”
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Sean Bell was murdered by New York City police on the day before his wedding.
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Jonathan Ferrell was killed by police in Charlotte, North Carolina.
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